Hammer crusher



W. A. BATTEY HAMMER CRUSHER May 5, 1931.

Filed Sept. 21, 1928 2 Sheets-Shea! iNVENTOR:

wiuiamABm I May 5, 1931. r w. A. BATTEY HAMMER CRUSHE'R Filed Sept.

21, 1928 2 Sheets-Shem Patented May 5, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE WILLIAM A. BATTE Y, 0F HAVERFORD, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO PENNSYLVANIA CRUSHER COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N.1Y., A CORPORATION 01 NEW YORK HAMMER crwsm Application med September 21, 1928. Serial Io. 807,505.

My invention relates to hammer crushers .emp'loye'd'for the purpose of breaking rock,

ore, coal and/or the like by means of hammers or beaters carried by a rotorstructure mounted in a suitable frame, such beaters or hammers cooperating with the bars of a cage or screenthe major portion of whose surface is substantially concentrically disposed with respect to the path of such heaters or hammers.

The screening 'cage usually employed with these hammerrcrushers is hung from a cross-bar mounted mounted in side walls of the structure, and comprises semicircular side members in which screen. bars are mounted to form thedesired grid or grate through which the finally crushed material is delivered The upper portion of this cage is inclined to provide one side of the hopper and just above the bars of the screen a surface is usually provided which performs the function of a breaker plate, against which the initial crushing of the material undergoing treatment may take place. In the crushing of various materials under ordinary conditions this surface is self-cleaning, but if wet material is being crushed there is a tendency of the same to cling to this surface and greatly impair the the initial crushing action.

The object of my invention is to obviate this condition, and for such purpose I provide a movable breaker plate substantially continuous with and forming part of one wall of the hopper. In one arrangement, this plate may be pivoted at its lower end and disposed for oscillation on such pivot. Movement may be effected by eccentric members mounted on a suitable shaft which may be rotated in any suitable manner, and such eccentric may be arrangedto engage bosses on the rear of the breaker plate and move the same toward the path of the accumulating on the surface of the same W111 be swept 015?. Any material which may rest upon the top surface of the movable breaker plate section during-the timesuch surface occupies an innermost position relatively to the path of the hammers, will be scraped off'by a fixed wall disposed above the breaker plate as the latter is periodically restored to its normal position.

In lieu of pivotin the breaker plate at its lower end, it may ie pivoted at the upper end, in which instance the lower end will .be swung toward and away from the path of the hammers and a pocket will be formed above the screen bars when the plate is in the outermost position. When movement 1s imparted to such plate to restore the same to normal position wherein the surface of such breaker. plate forms a continuation or substantial continuation of the hopper and/or the screen surface, the accumulated material will be swept out of such pocket and into the. path of the heaters or hammers.

'Under both conditions indicated, the surface of the breaker plate will be kept clean and in condition to properly perform its function whether the material is dry or wet. The operating means for efiecting movement of the breaker plate may be so arranged as to be disconnected at any time so that if the'material being crushed is dry, or substantially so, the breaker plate may be maintained in a fixed or relatively fixed position. v 7

These and other features of my invention are more fully. described hereinafter; reference is being had to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1' is a View in elevation, more or less diagrammatic in character and partly in section, illustrating one type or form of hammer'crusher and one form of movable or oscillating breaker plate within the scope of my invention operatively mounted therein.

Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the breaker plate shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 1, showing another form of movable or oscillating breaker plate within the scope of my invention.

Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the breaker plate shown in Fig. 3, and

Fig. 5 is a view illustrating another arrangement of a movable breaker plate within the scope of my invention.

In the drawings, 1 represents the frame or housing of the crusher in which is mounted the usual rotor structure which may comprise the shaft 2, carrying the usual disks 3, supporting rods 4, from which the beaters or hammers 5, are hung; such rotor structure being driven in any suitable or usual manner by means common in the art to which my invention relates. The hammers or beaters of the rotor'structure cooperate with a screen or cage made up of side frames 6, which may be hung from a shaft 7; such side frames being connected by cross members 8, and supporting spaced bars 9, against which the material is crushed by the heaters or hammers until reduced to the desired size for passage through the spaces between.

such bars- The opposite end of the cage or screen may be adjustably hung from chains 10, passing over sprocket wheels 11, which are controlled by a suitable gear train and held in adjusted positions by suitable means.

The upper portion of the' cage or screen which forms part of the hopper delivering material to the crushing zone includes a surface which performs the function of a breaker plate, against which the initial crushing of the material undergoing treatment will take place. In the crushing of various materials underordinary or usual conditions this surface is self-cleaning, but if wet or sticky material is being crushed there is a tendency of thesame to cling to and build up on this surface and impair the crushing action and plug up the hopper.

To prevent this clogging of wet and/or sticky material I provide a movable breaker plate, pivotally mounted and arranged for oscillation. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1, this plate, indicated at 12, may be pivoted at its lower end as indicated at 13, and may be oscillated by eccentrically mounted members 14, which may be mounted on a shaft15, rotated in any suitable manner (they may be driven from the shaft 2) such members 14 being arranged to engage bosses 16 at the rear of the plate 12 and move the same toward the ath of the hammers. Suitable springs 1 may be employed to move the plate 12 in the opposite direction after the forward movements have been effected by the eccentrics. Other forms of moving means may be employed to effect movement or oscillation of the breaker plate and such movements may be fast or slow as the condition of the material being crushed may warrant. The extent of move ment is such as to bring the greater portion of the breaker plate close to the path of the hammers, as indicated by dotted lines, with the result that any wet or sticky material accumulating on the surface of the same will be swept olf by the hammers in their movement past such surface. Any material which may collect upon the-top surface 18 of the movable breaker plate during the time such surface occupies an innermost position relatively to the path of thehammers will be scraped ofi by the wall of the cross member 19 disposed above the breaker plate as the latter is periodically restored to its normal or relatively normal position, indicated' by full lines. a

In lieu of providing a breaker plate pivoted at the lower end, I may provide a breaker plate pivoted at its upper end, in which instance its lower end will be moved or oscillated toward and from the path of the hammers. Such arrangement is shown in Fig. 3, wherein the breaker plate is indicated at 12, and is pivotally mounted on a cross-bar or rod 13' arranged below the shaft supporting the screen or cage. In this arrangement of my invention a pocket will be formed above the screen or the bars 9 when the breaker plate is in the outermost position away from the path of the hammers, as indicated by dotted lines. When the operating means cause movement of the plate back to normal or relatively normal position wherein such breaker plate forms a continuation or substantial continuation of the screen surface or hopper wall, any accumulated material will be swe t out .of such pocket by the movement 0 the plate and into the path of the hammers.

A somewhat similar' construction is shown in Fig. 5, in which the movable breaker plate member 12" is shown as supported by the shaft 7 from which the cage or screen is hung. In other respects the structure shown in Fig. 5, is substantially like that shown in Fig.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3,-positive means for effecting oscillation of the breaker plate in both directions may be employed, as in the structure shown in Fig. 1. In lieu of this I may employ an eccentric actuating a pitman which may be pivotally connected to the plate; such eccentric being carried by a shaft which may be operatively connected to the rotor operating means, or independently driven.

Other forms of mechanism may be employed to effect oscillation of the breaker plate of either form and such movement may be fast or slow as the condition of the material may warrant. In all instances the breaker plate is periodically brought into position relatively to the path of the hammers and the movement of the breaker plate is such as to insure complete removal of the accumulated material and discharge of the same into the path of the hammers, when occupying the respective positions indicated by full lines.

Under the conditions indicated, both forms of the breaker plate will be kept clean and in condition to properly perform its function, whether the material operated upon is dry, wet, or sticky.

I claim:

1. The combination, with crushing or grinding means including a housing having a hopper, a crushing chamber with a screen in the bottom thereof and a hammer-carrying rotor in said chamber, of a pivotally mounted breaker plate disposed in cooperative relation with respect to said rotor, and means for oscillating said breaker plate toward and from the path of the hammers.

2. The combination with crushing or grinding means including a housing having a hopper, a crushing chamber, a' frame pivotally hung in said crushing chamber and having a screen in the bottom thereof and a hammencarrying rotor in said chamber, of a breaker plate pivotally mounted in said pivotally hung frame and disposed in cooperative relation with respect to said rotor, and means for oscillating said breaker plate on its pivotal connection toward and from the path of the hammers.

3. The combination, with crushing or grinding means including a housing having a hopper, a crushing chamber with a screen in the bottom thereof and a hammercarrying rotor in said chamber, of a pivotally mounted breaker plate disposed in cooperative relation with respect to said rotor; said breaker plate being oscillated on its pivotal mounting during operation of the rotor, eccentric members for effecting movement of said breaker plate toward the rotor, and means for effecting movement of said plate in the opposite direction.

4. The combination, with crushing or grinding means including a housing having a hopper, a crushing chamber with a screen in the bottom thereof and a hammer-carrying rotor in said chamber, of a pivotally mounted breaker plate disposed in cooperative relation with respect to said rotor, said breaker plate being oscillated on its pivotal mounting during operation of the rotor; eccentric members for moving said breaker plate toward the rotor, and springs for effecting movement of said plate in the opposite direction.

5. The combination, with crushing or grinding means including a housing having a hopper, a crushing chamber with a screen in the bottom thereof and a hammer-carryingtrotor in said chamber, of a pivotally mounted breaker plate disposed in cooperative relation with said rotor; said plate having a shelf at its up er end, and means for oscillating said brea er plate; said shelf being cleaned of accumulated material when the breaker plate is moved away from the rotor.

6. The combination, with crushing or grinding means includinga housing having a hopper, a crushing chamber with a grating in the bottom thereof and a hammer-carrying rotor in said chamber, of a pivotally mounted plate in cooperative relation with said rotor; said plate being arranged to swingon a pivot disposed in a plane below the axial plane of the rotor and having a shelfat its upper end, and means for oscillatingsaid breaker plate; said shelf being cleaned of accumulated material when the breaker plate is moved away from the rotor.

7. The combination, with crushing or grinding means including a housing having a hopper, a crushing chamber, a frame pivotally hung in said crushing chamber and having a screen in the bottom thereof, a shaft on which said frame is hung and a hammer-carrying rotor in said chamber, of a pivotally mounted breaker plate disposed in cooperative relation with respect to said rotor; said plate being arranged to swing on the shaft on which said frame is pivotally hung, and means for oscillating the breaker plate on said shaft.

8. The combination, with crushing or grinding means including a housing having .a hopper, a crushing chamber, a frame pivotally hung in said crushing chamber and having a screen in the bottom thereof, a shaft on which said frame is hung and a hammer-carrying rotor in said chamber, of a pivotally mounted breaker-plate disposed .in cooperative relation with respect to said rotor; said plate being arranged to swing on the shaft on which said frame is pivotally hung, a shelf formed adjacent the upper end of the grate across which the lower end of said braker plate is arranged to swing to clean the same of accumulated material, and

WILLIAM A. BATTEY. 

